Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow of fluid at a specified temperature. However, further sensitivity improvement is required to achieve . Thick liquid is said to be more viscous than a thin liquid of the road case of the Motor oil. in table 1. The density distribution was analyzed for a mixture of high-melting explosive (HMX) and trinitrotoluene (TNT). What is the relationship between viscosity and velocity? The main source of error for a lab like this is human error. 2. Nguyen Quoc Trung. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, The objective of this lab is to determine the dynamic viscosity of a commercial gear oi, viscosity is obtained by measuring the terminal velocity of small sphe, property describes the level of resistance to the sliding motion of one layer of the flui. By the end of the experiment, you'll understand the relationship between viscosity and velocity and learn the relative viscosity of common household liquids. How much did you enjoy doing the experiment? Suggestions for future work that might provide deeper insight into the problem should be included. - 1 Stopwatch/Video Recorder Extracts from this document. The experiment was not without its flaws, however. REQUIREMENTS: Unfortunately, these equations can be solved only in very few cases, but when they can be solved it is found that fluids move in exact agreement with the mathematical predictions. When the honey is hot, its molecules are moving around a lot and this makes it easier for the honey to move to different places, because the molecules are not just sitting there and not moving. Castor oil 17% (2019, Nov 27). Abstract. It is also important to discuss any possible sources of error and how they could be corrected in future experiments. Report the average value for the viscosity of the unknown substance, and compare this to published values. WhereReis the Reynolds Number,u 0 is the terminal velocity,Lis the characteristic length or diameter of Find the diameter (d) of the ball using the screw gauge. Drop 1 146 0. But, when you spill your water, it goes everywhere. I feel like its a lifeline. In everyday terms (and for fluids only), viscosity is "thickness". Medium 0 0. the following equation Include and Analyze Final Data. (3) A voltmeter (0 - 1.5V) Since velocity is equal to distance divided by time, velocity is inversely proportional to time as well. Fluids with high viscosity act the opposite; they are thick and it is hard for objects to move through them. The viscosity of a fluid describes its resistance to movement or deformation, an easy way of conceptualizing Medium Temperature [C] Small metallic . Amanda has taught high school science for over 10 years. Your email address will not be published. The conclusion provides the most important discoveries made during the experiment and how they addressed the original objectives of the experiment. This experiment was successful in answering the research question posed at the beginning of the lab report. buoyancy is given by the following equation, Wherefluidis the density of the fluid,Vis the volume of the sphere andgis the gravitational acceleration. R= R1 + R2 =ohm+.ohm=..ohm According to Krisnangkura, viscosity may be considered the integral of the interaction forces of molecules. Place a meter scale vertically beside the jar. It described the internal friction of a moving fluid. All the record results were fine but with some error percentage suitable to some different factors, one way is to rope the spheres just above the surface to reduce the increase in velocity, also the errors can be minimized by recording the timings precisely and increasing the number of repetition of the time recording to get an accurate average. The viscosity of the liquid is represented by the symbol eta. The Physics Practicals For Class 12 CBSE is given here so that students can understand the experiments in a better way.experiment, we include viscosity and attempt to verify Poiseuille's . Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 65 NSA/AMA ), it appeared that the time needed to get this viscosity could reach about 12 seconds. Sphere Average Speed[m/s] Standard deviation This experiment developed our way of thinking and knowledge, where this experiment is a minimized example for the velocity of different types of fluids in pipes due to their viscosity and the floating of liquids above water or underwater due to their density. Drop 3 42 1. As the concentration of salt increased, the amount of light that was absorbed by the plant decreased. Drop 1 43 1. On the second graph, plot the K values for the fittings (y-axis . For example, if you used a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light that was absorbed by a plant, you would want to mention this in your conclusion. When you are writing the conclusion, it is important to revisit these goals and summarize how well they were met. that the premise and assumption of laminar flow was a somewhat optimistic one, especially so in the case of Report Use the template provided to prepare your lab report for this experiment. Basically, they have an inverse relationship. the fluid that are moving different velocity. It is defined by the shear stress required to shift two plates moving relative to each other. Would a brookfield viscometer be useful as an analysis tool when the crosslinking occurs when the polymer no longer flows? 10. Drop Frames 240 /s Velocity[m/s] and the procedure is described in Section4. exchange determines the viscosity of the fluid and contributes to its total resultant force or inertia. Two experiments (8 + 8 marks) are asked from each section in the practical exam. error in our results. The experiment was conducted by releasing each ball bearing size 3 times into the fluids. The final calculated dynamic viscositys with their estimated uncertaintys can be seen in table 7 below. Drop Frames 240 /s Velocity[m/s] IntroductionViscosity is a liquids resistance to flowing. The point of your lab report is not to merely confirm what you expect. can attribute a part of this systematic error to turbulence and the increased drag thereof, especially so in the 13. The first step is to restate the goals of the experiment. 124 lessons. LAB REPORT HYDRAULIC POLITEKNIK : SEMESTER 4 : PROPERTIES OF FLUID. Lastly, the Reynolds number was To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Ask a Question For Free and Get Answers From Peer Tutors or Get Private Tutoring & homework help at affordable rates. Have you ever experienced the frustration of trying to get ketchup out of the bottle? Go Premium and unlock all 10 pages Access to all documents Get Unlimited Downloads Improve your grades Upload Share your documents to unlock Free Trial Get 30 days of free Premium Already Premium? Drop one marble at a time and observe what happens to the marble when it enters the liquid. By continuing well assume youre on board with our cookie policy, Dont waste Your Time Searching For a Sample, Two Factors Affect The Viscosity Of Magma, Reaction Of Alkali Metals With Water Lab Report, Coping With Water Scarcity, Poor Water Quality and Inadequate Sanitation, CH 456: Determination of Water Hardness of Filtered and Unfiltered Water, ASK writer for You're trying desperately to shake it, but to no avail. Practical investigation into Viscosity in liquids (Stokes Law). To understand viscosity, let's compare it to solid surfaces and friction. Calculate the slope of these graphs, using the equation of . Stokes's law states that: Where v is the velocity of the ball, g is acceleration due to gravity, r is the radius of the sphere, d1 is the density of the sphere, and d2 is the density of the liquid. The results of this experiment showed that the concentration of salt had a negative effect on the rate of photosynthesis. . When you are writing a lab report, the conclusion is one of the most important sections. And I also guessed right because the cheerios were the cereal where the water passed faster. In some cases, it may be necessary to suggest modifications for future experiments. The rate of this momentum Report. Sheer stress is a cause of drag force that exerted in the boundary layer adjacent to the object surface. The Repeat step 2 for the remaining liquids. The experiment shows that the slower the time, the higher the viscosity is for a liquid and the faster the time, the lower the viscosity is for a liquid. Drop 3 146 0. Widely, it is used for measuring the viscosity of Newtonian fluids. oil, SAE-90 oil is 8.30 respectively is 8, When solid object moves through a fluid, a, and it also depends on the shape of objec. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. A lab report should include a conclusion that analyzes the final data. 2. The following are some observations about the numerical values of densities that should prove useful in problem solving situations. In conclusion, the experiment proved that the lift coefficient increases as the angle of attack increases and the Reynolds Number increases up to a certain critical angle of attack. - 3 Ball Bearings (Small, Medium and Large) . 2401 secandtis the average fall time in frames for each bearing size. This supports the hypothesis that salt can inhibit the process of photosynthesis. Regardless, the results for the fluids viscosity are consistently above the . Re =viscous forcesinertial forces =u 0 L (10) - 1 Scale (1 decimal) Room Temperature (72.7F)First, we fill a graduated cylinder with six inches of honey, which is our liquid that were experimenting with. Restate the Experiment's Goals. The time taken to travel between two marks on the beaker was recorded. Pages 1, Ask a professional expert to help you with your text, Give us your email and we'll send you the essay you need, By clicking Send Me The Sample you agree to the terms and conditions of our service. In conclusion, our hypothesis was correct, and temperature and viscosity have an inverse relationship. Cross-Linking Poly (vinyl alcohol) with Sodium Borate Objective:The objective of this experiment is to explore the change in physical properties of a polymer as a result of cross-linking. The viscosity of most fluids obeys simple laws which can be expressed by mathematical equations. A moody diagram was plotted comparing the friction factor versus the Reynolds number. 311 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Is there another way you could measure viscosity or crosslinking? Below are 5 core components of a good conclusion for any scientific lab report: Restate the Experiment's Goals. Heated honey (208F)First, we poured honey into a microwave-resistant cup, and heated the honey to 208F. Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity. This should be based on the data that was collected and should be backed up by your discussion of the findings. Students also viewed 4.1 - Efnislegar eignir Prentform MAVI Spurningar 1 Exam 11 December 2012, questions The energy loss due to turbulence motion result, PROCEDURE:- For measuring viscosity, density of fluid, density of fluid and dimension of ball is required, and since it is known velocity only needs to, Velocity can be measured by measuring the, ball do not touch the wall. Revised on July 15, 2022. 1. Small 0 0. Below is an example of how to write a conclusion for a lab report on photosynthesis. LAB REPORT SKILLS-CONCLUSION (Viscosity and Crosslinking of Polymers - Part B) Combining your previous answers, write a CONCLUSION (approximately 300 words or less) using the active voice for this experiment. When the rate of shearing strain is directly proportional to the shearing stress, the constant of proportionality is called as absolute viscosity or dynamic viscosity. balls were weighted on a scale and their diameter measured with a caliper, the measurements were collected Finally, the conclusion should offer a brief interpretation of the data, and state whether the goals of the experiment were met. Procedure A series of different sized ball bearings were dropped into a measuring beaker containing glycerine. Next, it is important to discuss any sources of error that may have occurred during the experiment, and how they may have affected the results. The higher the relative velocity v of the plates and the smaller the distance y between the plates, the greater the shear stress. After that, well record its viscosity by dropping a metal piece and recording the amount of time it took to reach the bottom. 3. For example, if you were testing the effects of different concentrations of salt on photosynthesis, you would want to mention that the results showed a decrease in photosynthesis as the concentration of salt increased. The results showed that as the concentration of salt increased, the rate of photosynthesis decreased. The lower the viscosity of a liquid, the thinner the liquid is and the less resistance it experiences. If you want to drain a $480 \mathrm{mL}$ shake in 2.0 minutes, what pressure difference is needed? 0 NSA/AMA respectively. Introduction and Theory. The density of the ball bearings were calculated with the following formulas The actual density of steel is equal to 7800 kg/m 3 , when compared to Medium Re ConclusionIn conclusion, the temperature affected the viscosity of glycerin since the fluid is cooler, molecular activity would slow therefore the viscosity is of a bigger value. 10. Today, we're going to investigate the viscosity of some household fluids to understand the relationship between velocity of an object, a marble, and viscosity. , er (0 - 1.5A) What Melts Ice Fastest? The result of adding more cross-linking agents to a polyme. Why do you think that? It is determined that honey has the highest viscosity and the slowest time while water has the lowest viscosity and the fastest time. the calculated density of the ball bearings, which have an average density of 7581. R = ..ohm, Which of the following forces are dissipative in nature. When one variable gets bigger, the other gets smaller. Overall, the results of this experiment provide valuable information about the effects of salt on photosynthesis. Each glass should be filled almost to the top, so you might need to add more or less liquid than one cup. The conclusion should include a discussion of the implications of the data, as well as any errors that were made during the experiment. Use the template provided to prepare your lab report for this experiment. Conclusion for experiment diversity of bacteria. Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity. What was the conclusion of the experiment? PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy . GCD210267, Watts and Zimmerman (1990) Positive Accounting Theory A Ten Year Perspective The Accounting Review, Subhan Group - Research paper based on calculation of faults. Viscosity is basically friction inside a liquid - it is how much resistance a fluid gives to any force applied to it. AMAZING RACE: MEASURING THE VISCOSITY OF SOME LIQUIDS LABORATORY REPORT EVALUATION FORM GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2 LAB ACTIVITY 6 LAB REPORT RUBRIC. In everyday terms (and for fluids only), viscosity is "thickness". Viscosity Lab Report. Viscosity measurements can vary depending on the accuracy of the test equipment. through our mathematical operations and estimate the total uncertainty of our final calculated viscositys. Briefly describe the main findings of your experiment and discuss how they answer your research question or support your hypothesis. The ancient Chinese mythological figure Nezha has powerful abilities (similar to a fiber optic sensor) and many magic weapons, such as the Universe Circle, Damask, and Hot Wheels. Discuss your results, focusing on the following: As fluid move in downward direction drag force and, When the net force is zero in object, then object attains a terminal velocity, so upward force equal to, In laminar flow there is no disruption between adjac, turbulence fluid motion, the resistance result from velocity fluctuation of t, loss. Honey sure has high viscosity! Filtration time was 1.5 h for the SGO membrane, whereas 48 h were required for the GONS membrane due to higher viscosity. Log in out of 10 Drop 3 51 1. Viscosity of vegetable oil in the range of engine oil, Antimicrobial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oil Against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A (page 151), The Food Chemistry Laboratory: A Manual for Experimental Foods, Dietetics and Food Scientists, Second Edition, 9076Emulsions Foams and Suspensions - Fundamentals and Applications, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 10.1 INTRODUCTION, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, PUMPS AND MOTORS CONTINUING EDUCATION PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COURSE, Title: Design of Diesel reactor heated by steam boiler using jatropha cake as a fuel, MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS BY THE STOKE'S METHOD, Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics (2016), VALVES AND FITTINGS CONTINUING EDUCATION PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COURSE. Table 8: Mean Reynold Numbers from final results. Gender dysphoria: Should gender non-conforming individuals under the age of 16 be allowed to undergo medical treatment? Wrandom=Srn (8). Higher the viscosity of liquid bitumen, the more nearly it approaches a semi-solid state in consistency. 794 %. I had to wait 37 minutes, 26.8s (2246.8s) for the metal piece to reach the bottom! Table 1: Sphere Measurements and Calculated Density. Hint: What is the experiment title? Which liquid has the highest viscosity? Describe the relationship between viscosity and crosslinking? are off by 2. Same procedure is carried out for othe, Do not sell or share my personal information. - 1 Caliper, Figure 3: Cylindrical containers - Glycerin, Motor Oil and Castor Oil, WhereWsystemis the systematic deviation,mis the advertised inaccuracy of the scale estimated to be Medium 7 1 7758. A graph of the experimental friction factor was compared . references values. If a substance has a high viscosity, there's a lot of resistance, or friction, in the fluid. following formula. Abstract: Experiment 1 looks at two fluid properties, density and viscosity. Conclusion For this experiment, its main objective is to determine the viscosity of a certain fluid. Small 1 0. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Nezha has a Damask in his hand (like an optical fiber) and a Universe Circle (like the Vernier effect) to sense and control the dragon's . From the pressure diagrams, it was concluded that there was a high-pressure gradient at the leading edge and decreased through the aerofoil. Sphere Average Speed[m/s] Standard deviation Viscosity describes the internal resistance to flow of a fluid (internal friction). Viscosity Of Water Lab Report. Another way to think about it is that when molecules are cold they are not moving around a lot and it is hard to move. Worse yet, each professor wants something a little different. In a lab flow test using Athabasca tar sand and propane as solvent, 50 percent of the bitumen was recovered as upgraded oil. (2) An ammet [1] Content uploaded by Bilal Ahmad. The DNA cleavage (in dark) and . If the experiment did not meet its goals, be sure to explain why. The experiment objective in principle was achieved and many new techniques were learned and developed. Castor oil 1. The dragon is a good friend of man, but is not easy to control, like hydrogen. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Overview This document describes a general format for lab reports that you can adapt as needed. Lab reports are the most frequent kind of document written in engineering and can count for as much as 25% of a course yet little time or attention is devoted to how to write them well. 1. Which marbles sinkto the bottom of the jar quickly and which marbles sink to the bottle of the jar slowly. shown in the equation below moving layer it gets dragged along thereby slowing down the faster moving layer. through the fluid, exerting a shear force on the fluid surrounding it. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The flow of a liquid depends on the Reynolds number as depicted in the equation below; Plot the data for the calibration run and report the value of C. Be sure to include the point (W/,) = (0,0) to verify that the t is reasonable. The experiment records and activities consist of 6 marks, the project has 3 marks and viva on the experiment consist of 5 marks. 005 gandmis the weight of each individual bearing size. The answer is a property of liquids called viscosity. 2 g/cm3 to 20 g/cm3. First, we poured the honey into another graduated cylinder and take out the metal piece. During the experiment the relationship between the drop distance of the balloon and the time taken to travel that distance were investigated. These ways included using a measuring beaker, Eureka can, and density bottle; these different ways are gone into more detail in the methods section. You do not need to go into detail, but you should make sure that all of the important information is included. Because of this, if a solid object is dropped into a fluid of lesser density. Become Premium to read the whole document. This lab report will address changes in rheological parameters of fluids measured =mV (5), Wheremis the mass andVis the volume of the ball bearings. P2 - Practices digital signal processing are practices p1,p2,p3. Drop 1 52 1. Hence the inner radius of the jar R can be found. - 3 Cylindrical Containers with the same size containing: Glycerin, Motor Oil and Castor Oil Viscosity is strongly related to the temperature and it also depends on the shape of object. Measure the inner diameter of the jar using a vernier calipers. It took 5m, 36.51s (336.51 s) to fall to the bottom! Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. When a molecule from a slower moving layer moves up in to a faster What a big difference! Time of displacement The answer is a property of liquids called viscosity. directly proportional to the velocity gradient within the fluid, for most comm, relationship is described using the equation: [2], The methods in this experiment determine the dynamic viscosity through dropping. but to report on the actual results. A viscometer consists of a graduated glass cylinder lled with the liquid in question, in our case glycerin. This type of assignment is usually shorter than a research paper. She is also certified in secondary special education, biology, and physics in Massachusetts. 13 chapters | In this lab, were going to conduct an experiment testing how temperature affects the viscosity of honey. Each fluid was placed in a cylindrical container. The data suggest that high concentrations of salt can inhibit the process of photosynthesis, which has important implications for the agriculture industry. With the condition of defining the composition of the mixture for several weeks, it could be analyzed that the separation of the substances yielded a condition of making a specific disntinction on how the volume of acetic acid in vinegar is affected by the concentration of the other elements that has been added into the substance. Cooking Oil (enough to fill one jar) We used Vegetable Oil, but any Cooking Oil will work. Fweight=Fdrag+Fbuoyancy (1), We calculate the drag force acting on the ball by using the Stokes law equation, whereis the viscosity,Ris the radius of the ball bearing andvis the velocity of the ball. You can also try other liquids. Numerical investigations were conducted on the mixing efficiency of resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) technology using a high-viscosity mixture under vertically forced vibrations. Viscosity depends on the size and shape of the particles that make the liquid, as well as the attraction between the particles. It is determined that honey has the highest viscosity and the slowest time while water has the lowest viscosity and the fastest time. Use the template provided to prepare your lab report for this experiment. Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. Drop one marble into one fluid. For example, honey is more viscous than water. Obviously the syrup will flow slower than the water in LAB REPORT SKILLS-CONCLUSION (Viscosity and Crosslinking of Polymers - Part B) Describe the technique you used to measure viscosity and determine crosslinking. Cite this page Viscosity Research Paper Pages: 2 (520 words) Drop 2 42 1. help. Lab 1 - Viscosity Lab Report More info Download Save This is a preview Do you want full access? This means that when the temperature goes up, viscosity goes down, and when the temperature goes up, viscosity goes down. Medium Final viscosity[Pas] 1. Drop 3 220 0. calculated and analyzed. 4. Our body senses molecules jumping around a lot as heat. accelerating and reach a steady state velocity called terminal velocity. Viscosity Experiment. 999 kg/m 3 , we find that we Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. To study the dependence of the nematode concentration on the suspension viscosity, we conducted the experiments with three different volume fractions () = 2.26%, 4.52%, and 9.04% keeping all the other parameters constant as shown in Fig. Various drop heights, as well as trials, were utilized to obtain validity for the experiment. Lab Report regarding viscosity experiment. Lab results and process calculations show that low-pressure, low-energy solvent-based in situ processes have considerable technical and economic potential for upgrading and recovery of bitumen and heavy oil. A fluid can be a gas or a liquid, and it is easy to see that liquids are thicker than gases, and therefore have higher viscosities. Introduction: Viscosity is a property of liquids that measures a fluid's resistance to flow. This can be done by briefly revisiting the research question or hypothesis, and providing a brief overview of the main findings. Drop 2 218 0. We will include tips on formatting and structure, as well as how to effectively communicate your findings. Method1. a measure of how much a given displacement differs locally from a rigid-body displacement. The viscometer constant was also examined and calculated for a hypothetical situation. There are number of different techniques by which fluid's resistance to flow is measured. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Castor Oil 22. It is a measure of the resistance to flow. Conclusion: The inverse relationship predicts that as the velocity of our ball gets smaller, the viscosity of the liquid must have gotten bigger. Glycerin 21. (CT) DNA and UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as viscosity experiments. Experiment Biological Diversity [k6nqwo3ve1nw] 2022-10-13 . Controlled Variables: Amount of liquid, mass of the object. Motor oil 30. Medium 1 0. A fluid with a large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. 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Although the viscosity was within an "acceptable" range of what was expected, the Reynold numbers suggest This was quite impossible in our experiment to be obtained. 0. whereWrandomis the random uncertainty,Sris the standard deviation of calculated viscositys for each liquid In deriving the well-known viscosity formula v=--- ngr4pt mnplv 8vl 8ntl it is assumed that the pressure is constant during the time of flow. How does heat affect viscosity? This will help to ensure that readers understand how the data was collected and can evaluate its reliability. Motor Oil 22. Assignment Viscosity Experiment & Lab Report. Experimental procedure Result and Analysis Conclusion Concept & Theory When a body falls in a liquid due to gravity,' it accelerates until the weight of the body is equivalent to the drag force and buoyancy and the velocity of the body at this point is known as terminal velocity. Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students and their coping strategies, Direct, Indirect applicability and State Liability. 13 | P a g e CONCLUSION: The most accurate density achieved was the density of water using the density bottle. ResultsHere is a table of the data we collected in this experiment. It is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. acting on the sphere but the sum of all the forces will be zero. Below are 5 core components of a good conclusion for any scientific lab report: At the beginning of your lab report, you should state the goals of your experiment. As water, rubbing alcohol, and vegetable oil). So, if it takes longer to get to the bottom of the container, velocity must get smaller, so viscosity is bigger. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Obviously this is not the case Fi; g. I. under ordinary conditions of measurement, but as a result of experiments by Poiseuille, it is generally assumed that a pressure po may be employed
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